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Objective To investigate the pollution levels of six indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in animal-derived foods in Hebei Province. Methods A total of 96 food samples (including beltfish, snakehead, egg, pork liver, pork and beef meat) were collected from Hebei Province in 2019. The contents of six indicator PCBs (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB180) in different food samples were determined using isotope dilution-high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS). Results The contents of indicative PCBs in fish samples ranged from 0.12 to 0.32 ngg-1 fresh weight, while the content of PCBs in other samples ranged from 0.11 to 1.10 ng g-1 fat. PCB 138 and PCB 153 were the main compounds detected in fish samples, while PCB 28 and PCB 52 were the main compounds detected in other samples. The average estimated daily dietary intake of PCBs for residents in Hebei Province was 0.14 ng kg-1·bw-1·d-1, and the highest contribution rate was beltfish (61.52%). Conclusion The pollution levels of indicator PCBs in animal-derived foods in Hebei Province are relatively low, and the residents has lower health risks through dietary intake of indicator PCBs.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for pharmacists to participate in the management of chronic disease. METHODS:A total of 259 patients with chronic airway disease [included asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)] met the inclusion criteria were selected from our hospital and 5 community health care centers of medical consortium. These patients received medication safety assessment management,which was led by clinical pharmacists of our hospital with the participation of community pharmacists,including medication safety comprehensive evaluation and risk classification management, follow-up and medication guidance, integrated prescriptions checking, establishment of shared database. 1 years after the implementation,the effectiveness were evaluated by score the relatived indicators in related groups. RESULTS:After a year of the management mode practice,compared with before intervention,the patients'safety medication cognitive ability score in high-risk and low-risk group increased from(4.49±1.26)and(7.31±1.01)to(5.40±1.56)and(7.44±0.91);medication adherence score increased from(4.96±1.21)and(7.08±1.24)to(6.66±1.08)and(7.38±0.98);ACT score from asthma patients increased from (16.15±2.58)and(21.15±1.03)to(16.80±2.57)and(21.64±1.55);CAT score from COPD patients decreased from(25.51± 4.07) and (14.90 ± 3.95) to (24.20 ± 3.96) and (13.80 ± 4.08);the rate of irrational prescription effective identification and intervention by pharmacists increased from 3.6％ and 1.4％ to 9.4％ and 7.6％,respectively. All the differences above were statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The participation of pharmacists in long-term medication safety assessment management for chronic airway disease patients can improve patients'safety medication cognitive ability,medication adherence, disease control and the pharmacists'ability of irrational drug use identification and intervention.
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Objective:To investigate the changes of expression levels of TLR9 and IL-6 in the periodontal tissue during the experimental tooth movement of the rats, and the effecst of the MT01 on the expression of TLR9,TRAF6 and IL-6 in periodontal tissue,and to clarify its related mechanisms.Methods:Thirty Wistar rats were randomly divided into MT01 intervention group(n=6) and non-MT01 group(n=24).Force of 0.49 N was applied to move the upper first molars mesially. The rats in Non-MT01 intervention group were sacrificed on the days 3,7,14 and 21, and the rats in MT01 intervention group were all sacrificed on the day 7. RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression levels of TLR9,TRAF6 and IL-6 mRNA in maxillary first molar alveolar bone in each group.Results:The expression levels of IL-6 and TLR9 mRNA in loaded side were higher than those in control side(P<0.05), and reached the maximum levels on the day 7(P<0.01);with the interpose of MT01, the expression levels of TLR9 and TRAF6 mRNA were lower than control side(P<0.01).Conclusion: MT01 could down-regulate the expression levels of TLR9 and TRAF6 during orthodontic tooth movement and eventually resists the inflammation during the tooth movement.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>As the only active component in final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the activation of nickel-titanium orthodontic archwires is one of the factors that affect the torque expression. It is necessary to evaluate the mechanical properties of the nickel-titanium wire used in the final treatment phase in simulated oral environments to forecast the treatment outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mechanical properties of 171 thermal nickel-titanium wires of 0.35 mm (0.014-in) in diameters with different deflection of 40 mm in length were investigated with three-point bending test. The samples were divided into 2 groups: as-received and bended groups. In the bended group, samples were divided into 7 subgroups according to the amounts of deflection and named by the canine angulations (-25°, -19°, -13°, -7°, -1°, +5°, +11°). The deflection of wires was made by inserting the wires into the deep tunnel of Tip-Edge Plus brackets positioned in plaster casts with different canine angulations to mimic the use of nickel-titanium wires in the final treatment phase. Immersed the bended group in artificial saliva (pH 6.8) and preserved at 37.0°C. Eight durations of incubation were tested: 1 to 8 weeks. Three analogous samples of each group and subgroups were tested per week. Stiffness (YS:E) and the load-deflection characteristics of unloading plateau section were obtained.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant changes in specific mechanical properties were observed in long-term immersed and large deflected wires compared with as-received groups. Both immersion time and deflection affected the mechanical properties of wires in the simulated oral environment, and the two factors had synergistic effect. In groups -25°, -19° and -13°, stiffness (YS:E) increased then decreased and average plateau force and ratio of variance decreased then increased correspondingly at specific time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In the final treatment phase of Tip-Edge Plus technique, the mechanical properties of nickel-titanium wire are associated with the using time and amounts of deflection and it may affect treatment outcomes. As the main reason for wire deflection, canine crown angulation plays an important role in the wire performance. It may be wise to focus on the canine crown angulations and using time in clinic with Tip-Edge Plus technique and make proper adjustment to help to make sure the treatment outcomes.</p>
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Humans , Mechanical Phenomena , Nickel , Orthodontic Wires , Titanium , Tooth Movement Techniques , MethodsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and several fluoride products in inhibiting enamel demineralization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy healthy premolars extracted before orthodontic treatment were divided into seven groups (A: CPP-ACP; B: CPP-ACP + fluoride mouth rinses; C: fluoride mouth rinses; D: fluoride glass ionomer protection; E: fluoride resin binder; F: fluoride varnish; G: control group). There were ten samples in each group. The teeth were dipped into an artificial caries solution ten minutes at a time, then applied separately with CPP-ACP, CPP-ACP + fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride mouth rinses, fluoride glass ionomer protection, fluoride resin binder and fluoride varnish on labial enamel. The samples were dipped into an artificial saliva solution (37°C). Then all samples were examined with atomic force microscope (AFM) at the end of first, second and third monthes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of the first month, surface roughness in group D [(114 ± 1) nm] was significantly lower than that in group G[(172 ± 9) nm]. At the end of the second month and the third month, significant difference was found in surface roughness between group G and the rest of groups (P < 0.05); between group B and the rest of groups; and between group C and groups (D, E and F).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>CPP-ACP and fluoride could both inhibit enamel demineralization in vitro. Solid fluoride (groups D, E and F) had better results than liquid fluoride (group C).</p>